The sport of horse racing has long been a source of controversy. Critics say that the sport is inhumane and corrupt, while others argue that the “Sport of Kings” represents the pinnacle of achievement for horses and that the industry needs only minor reforms to ensure its future.

The first documented horse race was held in 1651 as the result of a wager between two noblemen. The sport became popular in Europe during the reign of Louis XIV (1643-1715), who established rules for organized racing to control gambling. These included requiring racehorses to have certificates of origin and imposing extra weight on foreign horses. Louis also established a jockey club, organized a horse race course, and created the “place bet”—betting on a specific position in a race.

Horse races are now staged around the world. They are often televised, and millions of people tune in to watch and place wagers on the outcome. In addition to the money that is wagered, spectators enjoy the beauty and excitement of watching the animals run and win.

Before a race, the crowds in the grandstands cheered their favorites and chanted the names of horses that were in contention for the top prize. Fans often rooted for a favorite horse by name, such as Seabiscuit or Secretariat. The hardcore bettors, though, generally threw their money behind the fastest horses in the field.

A day’s races at the track are called a card and consist of seven or more races. The card includes a number of handicap races, which are designed to allow bettors with different financial resources an equal chance of winning. A racehorse’s odds of winning a particular race are determined by its performance in previous races.

In a handicap race, a racehorse is assigned a weight that is designed to equalize its chances of winning with the other horses in the race. The weights are based on the horse’s previous performances, its speed and its eligibilities.

During a race, a rider mounts a horse and leads the animal through a series of turns. The course is typically covered by turf and has a set distance. When a horse encounters unusual difficulties during a race, it is said to have a bad trip.

While the video released by PETA has prompted some to close ranks against the sport, the real crisis for racing is its inability to adapt to a culture and justice system that increasingly recognizes animals as more than mere property. It’s important for the horse racing industry to find a way to address these concerns. Otherwise, the industry could face irreparable damage.