Gambling involves risking something of value on an activity largely based on chance in the hopes of realizing a profit. It is a common human activity that has existed since prerecorded history and has been incorporated into many local customs, rites of passage, and traditions throughout the world. Despite the widespread availability of gambling, evidence suggests that it is often problematic for some individuals. Some gamblers commit crimes and run up substantial debts, while others have serious psychological problems that impact their relationships with family and friends. Fortunately, there are strategies that can help those who have gambling problems.
The definition of gambling varies depending on the type of game being played, but most types of gambling involve some degree of uncertainty. It is important to remember that there is always a risk of losing money when gambling, because the odds of winning are always less than the odds of losing. Whether it’s buying a weekly lottery ticket, playing a slot machine, betting on sports games, or putting together a fantasy team for a popular sports league, there is always the possibility that you will lose more money than you will win.
While most people who engage in gambling do so for entertainment and fun, a small percentage become severely involved and develop gambling-related problems that have adverse consequences on their personal, social, or family lives. These individuals are known as pathological gamblers. Pathological gambling has been formally recognized in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) in three separate editions between 1980 and 1994. During this time, the DSM has evolved and been adjusted to account for scientific advances and for broader understanding of pathological gambling and related disorders.
A growing body of research has linked the occurrence of gambling-related problems to a lack of impulse control. A variety of theories and models have been proposed to explain the role of impulse control in gambling, including sensation- and novelty-seeking, arousal, and negative emotionality. Regardless of the specific model used to explain gambling behavior, most investigators agree that it involves a generalized impulsiveness.
Identifying pathways that can lead to gambling-related problems is crucial to the development of effective treatment and prevention strategies. Ultimately, the identification of specific pathways may enable us to tailor interventions to an individual’s needs and preferences. This will allow for more personalized and effective therapy for problem gamblers, as well as improve our overall understanding of how and why gambling is problematic.
